Chapter 10

1.    In 1821 political parties were virtually nonexistent and voters generally deferred to the leadership of what when making political choices?

2.    Identify one characteristic of American politics in 1821 that discouraged popular participation?

3.    What was the most significant political innovation of the early nineteenth century that caused voter participation to skyrocket by 1840?

4.    Identify one reform introduced by states that encourage popular participation in politics.

5.    What was the political consequence of the recent surge of democratic sentiment between 1820 and 1840s?

6.    Who replaced local elites for political leadership as a result of the surge in democratic sentiment?

7.    Identify one of three critical factors that contributed to the creation of the second party system.

8.    Identify one of two achievements of John Quincy Adams that reflected his brilliant career as a diplomat and secretary of state.

9.    What division of the Republican party favored a vigorous role of the central government in promoting national economic growth?

10. What division of the Republican party demanded a limited government and strict adherence to laissez-faire principles?

11. For what reason did the economic development program of John Quincy Adams infuriate Southerners?

12. What ideology, espoused by Andrew Jackson, stressed the common people's virtue, intelligence, and capacity for self-government?

13. What two conflicting Indian policies governed the treatment of Indians since presidency of Thomas Jefferson?

14. How did Andrew Jackson respond to the Supreme Court ruling prohibiting states from passing laws that conflicted with federal Indian treaties and that the federal government had the obligation to exclude white intruders from Indian lands?

15. What Indian name describes the forced march of eastern Indians to lands west of the Mississippi?

16. What step did Congress take in 1820 to promote the establishment of farms and encourage the rapid sale of public land?

17. In a speech condemning nullification Daniel Webster claimed that a state had a right to do what if it disagreed with action of the federal government?

18. What step did the state of South Carolina take to defend the principle of nullification following the passage of tariffs in 1828 and 1832?

19. What was responsible in 1831 for turning the State of South Carolina from a staunch supporter of economic nationalism into the nation's most aggressive advocate of states' rights?

20. By what means did South Carolinians find an ideal way of debating the question of state sovereignty without debating the morality of slavery?

21. Identify one reason why some historians hold Jackson responsible for the Panic of 1837?

22. Identify one way the Taney Court promoted individual opportunity by removing restraints on competition in the marketplace.

23. Identify one way in which the ideals espoused by Jackson were contradicted by the outcomes of his policies?

24.What was responsible for uniting a coalition of National Republicans, Anti-Masons, and disgruntled Democrats into a single opposition party?

25.For what reason is that not surprising that John Tyler rejected the entire Whig legislative program?

Chapter 12

26. Identify one factor that reflected the notion in the early 1790s that slavery appeared to be a dying institution?

27. What invention revitalized slavery as an institution?

28. Identify two of four factors that contributed to a sense of sectional difference between North and South.

29. Even though the North in 1860 remained a predominantly rural agricultural society, identify one of three profound and far-reaching changes that had taken place in that region?

30. What counter-argument did Southern writers make against the North in response to attacks on the institution of slavery?

31. In what way did the ending of subsistence agriculture contribute to the rise of industry?

32. What two things did mill employment offer women that farm-work or domestic service could not?

33. What fact gave substance to the widespread belief equality and opportunity for advancement existed the North?

34. Identify one of two ways in which the realities of the South contradicted the plantation stereotype?

35. Identify one fact that reflected the notion that slavery was neither dying nor was an unprofitable? 

36. Although slavery was highly profitable, identify two ways in which it had a negative impact on the southern economy?

37. What did an overemphasis of slave-based agriculture lead Southerners to neglect?

38. What inhibited the South's support for public education?

39. Prior to the Civil War what trend in slave ownership was taking place?

40. What fact in 1827 reflected the notion of the South being open to antislavery ideas?

41. Identify two changes in the 1830s that contributed to ending of the South's openness of antislavery ideas?

42. What did fear over antislavery agitation encourage southern Baptists, Methodists and Presbyterians to do?

43. Identify one fact that reflected the reality that slave life was worse than the poorest laborers in the North and Europe.

44. Although the slave diet provided enough bulk calories to ensure productivity, what did deficiencies nutrition result in?

45. Of all the evils associated with slavery, which did abolitionists most bitterly denounce?

46. Identify one example in which slaves molded and transformed Christianity to meet their own needs?

47. Why did slaves most closely identify themselves with the story of Moses?

48. Slave folktales offered more than amusement; slaves used them to comment on the whites around them and to convey every day lessons. What lessons did such folktales, such as Brer Rabbit, offer slave children?

49. For what reason were slavers revolts in the American South less frequent and less extensive?

50. What impact did the debate in the South Carolina legislature considering the re-enslavement of free blacks cause?